Expert Voices

The Cyclical Nature of Political Assassinations in America

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Political assassinations have been a recurring feature in American history, often shaping the course of the nation. From presidents to civil rights leaders, these targeted killings have left a lasting impact.

In 1865, President Abraham Lincoln was assassinated by John Wilkes Booth, a Confederate sympathizer. This event shocked the nation and had far-reaching consequences for Reconstruction and the future of race relations in America. Decades later, in 1963, President John F. Kennedy was assassinated by Lee Harvey Oswald in Dallas, Texas. The assassination led to widespread grief and conspiracy theories that persist to this day.

Civil rights leaders were also targets of political assassinations. In 1965, Malcolm X was assassinated by members of the Nation of Islam, and in 1968, Martin Luther King Jr. was assassinated by James Earl Ray. These killings were a major setback for the civil rights movement and highlighted the deep racial divisions in American society.

What were the motives behind the assassination of Malcolm X and Martin Luther King Jr.?

The motives behind the assassinations of Malcolm X and Martin Luther King Jr. were complex and multifaceted.

In the case of Malcolm X, his assassination, with alleged covert government assistance, was carried out by members of the Nation of Islam, a group he had once been a prominent member of. However, he had become increasingly critical of the Nation and its leader, Elijah Muhammad, in the years leading up to his death. His criticisms and his formation of a rival organization, the Organization of Afro-American Unity, are believed to have been key factors in the decision to assassinate him.

The assassination of Martin Luther King Jr. was carried out by James Earl Ray, a white supremacist. Ray had a history of racism and criminal activity. While his exact motives remain somewhat unclear, it is widely believed that his hatred of King and the civil rights movement played a significant role in his decision to commit the assassination.

In both cases, the assassinations were driven by a combination of political, ideological, and personal factors. They were acts of violence that had a profound impact on the civil rights movement and American society as a whole.

More recently, there have been attempts on the lives of other political figures. In 2011, Congresswoman Gabby Giffords was shot in the head during a constituent event in Tucson, Arizona. She survived but was left with severe injuries. And in 2024, former President Donald Trump was reportedly shot at by a sniper during a campaign rally in Pennsylvania. He was not injured, but the incident underscored the ongoing threat of political violence.

And these are just a few examples of the many political assassinations that have taken place in America. These events have had a profound impact on the nation, shaping its history and its politics. It is important to remember these events and to learn from them, so that we can work to prevent future acts of political violence, like the recent assassination attempt of Republican nominee for president, well known for his own incitement of political violence, former president Donald Trump who survived a snipers bullets that nearly ending his life. The shooting at Trump’s rally in Butler, Pennsylvania took the life of one rally attendee and wounded several others.  

Here are a few other attempted assassinations and assassinations of U.S. presidents in American history:

  • James Garfield: Wounded July 2, 1881, he died 79 days later
  • William McKinley: Wounded September 6, 1901, he died 8 days later
  • Theodore Roosevelt: Attempted assassination on Oct 14, 1912
  • Andrew Jackson: Attempted assassination Jan. 30, 1835 outside the Capitol Building
  • William Howard Taft: Attempted assassination alleged in 1909 and 1910
  • Herbert Hoover: Attempted assassination alleged in 1928
  • Franklin D. Roosevelt: Attempted assassination Feb 15, 1933
  • Harry S. Truman: Attempted assassination in 1947 during the Jewish insurgency in Palestine before the formation of the State of Israel, and November 1, 1950, Puerto Rican pro-independence activists
  • Richard Nixon: Attempted assassination on April 13, 1972 and on February 22, 1974
  • Gerald Ford: Attempted assassination August 1974; September 5, 1975; September 22, 1975
  • Jimmy Carter: Alleged attempted assassination May 5, 1979

LBJ Dropped Out, Will Biden Follow Suit?

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By JEANETTE LENOIR

 

In March 1968, President Lyndon B. Johnson shocked the nation by announcing that he would not seek re-election. This decision came after months of speculation and pressure from within his own party.

There were several factors that contributed to Johnson’s decision. One was the growing unpopularity of the Vietnam War. The war had become increasingly unpopular with the American public, and Johnson’s approval ratings had plummeted. Another factor was the growing opposition to Johnson within his own party. Many Democrats felt that Johnson had become too authoritarian and that his policies were too divisive.

Finally, Johnson’s health was also a factor in his decision. He had suffered a heart attack in 1955, and he was concerned that the stress of the campaign would be too much for him. In his announcement, Johnson said that he had made the “difficult decision” to drop out of the race in order to “put the welfare of the country first.” He also said that he believed that the Democratic Party could unite and defeat the Republican candidate, Richard Nixon. Johnson’s decision to drop out of the race had a significant impact on the 1968 presidential election. Nixon went on to win the election, and the Vietnam War continued to divide the country for many years to come.

The cyclical nature of history 

Today, America has reached a similar reflection point in the reelection of President Biden. And the barbaric genocide of the Palestinian people at the hands of our so-called ally, Israel, reawakens the horrors of Vietnam. The nation is facing an uncertain future without a savior, a champion for The People, one able to fight for a more just and equitable future. And former president Trump, responsible for the January 6th attack on the Capitol and indicted on 34 felony counts, is the candidate being forced down our throats despite the real threat he presents to the ideals and hope for an America that has yet to be. 

Consistently repeating false narratives, the American people are manipulated and heavily propagandized by corporate media to believe that we are faced with choosing one of the two supporters of Israel’s genocide that has killed 40,000 people and counting, mostly innocent civilians; women, children, and the elderly, including journalists. This, despite having other viable candidates to choose from like Jill Stein, the Green Party candidate and Cornel West, an Independent, and a few others that have not yet dropped out of the race for the White House. The media ignores them all by way of manipulation and false offerings. It is simply un-American. And it is so because our country has been compromised by our elected leaders who took bribes from lobbyists and corporations and sold us all out. Today, it’s evident who controls Congress: AIPAC, an Israeli foreign lobby. And if the recent unseating of Rep. Jamaal Bowman didn’t give a clue, here’s the mail, it never fails. 

What’s happening globally will hurt us domestically

The barbarism taking place with boastful impunity in full HD has shaken the world, not just America. And our government’s role in these atrocities lies squarely before Biden and Trump. They both support the genocide and ethnic cleansing of the Palestinian people for the sake of religious zealots; Zionists who confidently believe there is no God, and at the same time, say they are God’s “chosen people” and above all others. Imagine that.  And we can’t forget what our government is actively doing in Ukraine and Russia, against our will. And these aren’t the only two conflicts America is engaged in. What’s happening in Haiti tells of a coming storm too, the likes of which the world has never seen. 

The recent rulings by the Supreme Court, also a compromised institution, is deliberately weakening federal regulations, producing earthquake-like shockwaves to our legal system and governing structure right before our eyes. Why? Because Congress is compromised, too. Congress is being bought and sold at auction by lobbyists, corporations and foreign influences intent on our destruction and downfall as a powerful nation. And corporate media is driving the bus fast and furious. They blatantly lie to the American people with comfortable ease, especially when they offer us two false choices–Biden and Trump–to lead us into an uncertain future under global duress. Folks, America is in trouble and the rot started within. 

Will Biden step aside?

If history has any merit, yes. And the calls are coming in loud and clear in the face of his party’s denial and panic at their offering for a leader following a disastrous debate; a clearly feeble man in his 80s who needs assistance to walk and talk. The contempt the Democratic Party is showing it has for We, the People is profound. Major news corporations, owned by vicious oligarchs who see profit instead of people, are now calling on Biden to step down. “The truth Mr. Biden needs to confront now is that he failed his own test,” the NYT editorial board wrote. In return, they’re offering the American people only one choice: an unhinged racist felon that will help drive their ultimate agenda, the implementation of Project 2025.

Who do we run to? 

No one. We, the People ARE the government. And it is up to each and every one of us to show up and vote, because our very lives are at stake. Will Biden repeat the story of Truman? Who knows, but it’s a risk Democrats are apparently willing to take. And if The Heritage Foundation gets its way, neoconservative Republicans and their Project 2025 agenda will turn us back to a wrinkle in time when white supremacy and racial barbarism ruled America. We can’t let that happen. 

Americans must take responsibility for their country, see all the real and clear choices before them, and vote to hold our rogue government tearing us apart accountable. 

Biden and Trump are not our saviors. They are the symbolic anchors keeping America in a sunken place. I believe America is worth saving, and who you vote for will determine if we have a chance at turning back toward the America Langston Hughes dreamed of not so long ago. We must all be at the table when company comes, because our elected officials have no right to give foreign governments, lobbyists and corporations the authority to send us to the kitchen while they feast on our hard earned harvest.  The American Dream belongs to Americans, not to lawbreakers, the highest bidders and corrupt politicians.

Power belongs to We, the People. Let’s vote to take it back and change the course for America’s future, together. 

Broken Pledges: Being Black in America

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The phrase “40 acres and a mule” holds profound historical significance, symbolizing the unfulfilled promise of land and reparations to African Americans after the Civil War. It supposedly originated from a speech delivered by Union General William T. Sherman on January 16, 1865, in Savannah, Georgia. In a bold move, Sherman promised that freed slaves would receive 40 acres of land and a mule from the confiscated lands of Confederate landowners.

“We have been taught in school that the source of the policy of “40 acres and a mule” was Union General William T. Sherman’s Special Field Order No. 15, issued on Jan. 16, 1865. (That account is half-right: Sherman prescribed the 40 acres in that Order, but not the mule. The mule would come later.) But what many accounts leave out is that this idea for massive land redistribution actually was the result of a discussion that Sherman and Secretary of War Edwin M. Stanton held four days before Sherman issued the Order, with 20 leaders of the black community in Savannah, Ga., where Sherman was headquartered following his famous March to the Sea. The meeting was unprecedented in American history.” – Henry Louis Gates, Jr.

This promise, however, was never fully realized. President Andrew Johnson, who succeeded Abraham Lincoln after his assassination, reversed Sherman’s order, returning most of the confiscated land to its former owners. While some African Americans did manage to acquire land under the Homestead Act of 1862, they encountered numerous obstacles, including rampant discrimination, violence, and economic hardship.

The failure to provide land and reparations to African Americans had far-reaching consequences. It perpetuated poverty, segregation, and inequality, leaving a lasting impact on generations of African Americans that is still felt and experienced today. This unfulfilled promise continues to serve as a reminder of the ongoing struggle for racial justice in the United States. 

Beyond its historical significance, the phrase “40 acres and a mule” has taken on a broader meaning, representing the collective demand for reparations and acknowledgment of the injustices faced by African Americans throughout history. It encapsulates the desire for not only material restitution but also for the recognition and repair of the deep wounds inflicted by slavery and its aftermath.

Today, the phrase remains a powerful symbol of resistance and resilience, inspiring activists, artists, and scholars to continue advocating for racial justice and equality. It serves as a reminder that the fight for reparations and a just society is far from over.

The Legacy of America’s Segregation Academies

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About Segregation Academies in the United States:

Segregation academies were private schools established in the Southern United States in the mid-20th century to maintain racial segregation in education following the Brown v. Board of Education Supreme Court decision in 1954, which ruled that racial segregation in public schools was unconstitutional. These academies were founded by white parents who wanted to avoid sending their children to integrated schools.

Segregation academies were often funded by tuition and donations from white parents and businesses. They offered a curriculum that was similar to that of public schools, but with a focus on white supremacy and segregationist ideology. Many segregation academies also had strict rules about student behavior and dress.

Segregation academies played a significant role in maintaining racial segregation in the South for decades. They helped to create a separate and unequal education system for Black and white students. Segregation academies also contributed to the white flight from urban areas, as many white families moved to suburbs to avoid sending their children to integrated schools.

The Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965 helped to dismantle segregation academies. These laws prohibited discrimination in public and private schools and made it easier for Black students to attend integrated schools. By the 1970s, most segregation academies had closed.

However, the legacy of segregation academies continues to this day. Many of the schools that were founded as segregation academies are now private schools that are open to students of all races. However, these schools often have a predominantly white student body. The legacy of segregation academies is also reflected in the racial disparities in education that persist in the United States today.

A recent event hosted by Propublica highlighted the status of “segregation academies” that still operate across the country. “Seven decades after Brown, many of these private schools survive and often continue to perpetuate segregated education systems. During this virtual event — the first in a series focused on education in 2024 — reporter Jennifer Berry Hawes and a panel of speakers will discuss the initial story in Hawes’ series on segregation academies and how these institutions preserve divisions within communities.”

The panel also addressed the history of segregation schools “and what racial divisions still look like in one Black Belt county.”

Speakers include:

– Amberly Sheffield, The University of Mississippi PhD student and historical consultant
– Dr. Andre Saulsberry, Wilcox County Public Schools superintendent
– Jennifer Berry Hawes, ProPublica reporter
– Mara Shalhoup, ProPublica South editor
– Sheryl Threadgill-Matthews, BAMA Kids, Inc. executive director, and one of the first Black students to desegregate Wilcox County schools

NJPAC: The Promise of Juneteenth

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About the New Jersey Reparations Council

New Jersey has been called the “slave state of the North” for its deeply embedded history of slavery, and as such, the New Jersey Reparations Council was established as a state-level body responsible for studying and developing recommendations for reparations to address the harms caused by slavery and its legacy in New Jersey. The council was established by the New Jersey Legislature in 2021 under the New Jersey Reparations Act.

“The first-of-its-kind New Jersey Reparations Council was convened by the New Jersey Institute for Social Justice on Juneteenth 2023 to finally confront and repair the deep and often overlooked history of slavery in New Jersey and its lasting impact on the contemporary life of Black people in the state.”

Mission

The mission of the New Jersey Reparations Council is to develop a comprehensive plan for reparations to address the harms caused by slavery and its legacy in New Jersey. The council will consider the historical, social, and economic impacts of slavery on African Americans in New Jersey and will make recommendations for reparations that are fair and equitable.

Membership

The New Jersey Reparations Council is composed of 15 members, all of whom are appointed by the Governor of New Jersey. The members of the council include:

  • Nine African Americans who are descendants of enslaved people in New Jersey
  • Three representatives from organizations that advocate for reparations
  • Three experts in the fields of history, sociology, or economics

Work of the Council

The New Jersey Reparations Council is currently in the process of gathering evidence and hearing testimony from stakeholders. The council is also conducting research on the historical, social, and economic impacts of slavery and its legacy in New Jersey. The council is expected to issue a final report with recommendations for reparations by the end of 2024. The council recently announced its “Promise of Juneteenth: New Jersey Repartitions Council Year One” panel discussion on June 19, 2024 at 7:00PM. 

The New Jersey Reparations Council is a significant step toward addressing the harms caused by slavery and its legacy in New Jersey. The council’s work could have a major impact on the lives of African Americans in New Jersey and could help to create a more just and equitable society

SPLC 2023 Hate & Extremism Report

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In 2023, the SPLC documented 1,430 hate and antigovernmental extremist groups that comprise the organizational infrastructure upholding white supremacy in the U.S. The years since the Jan. 6, 2021, insurrection have been a time for the hard right to prepare. In 2023, those opposing inclusive democracy worked to legitimize insurrection, paint hate as virtuous and transform false conspiracy theories into truth – all in preparation for one of the most significant elections in U.S. history. The report chronicles trends in hard-right activity, not simply as a reality check, but as a tool to act alongside those working to prevent radicalization and counter white supremacy, disinformation and false conspiracies in 2024.

Click HERE for the full report.

Op-Ed: The Treatment of Black Women in Business

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Editors note: this opinion piece comes from Anthony Baldini, Founder of Athlete Strategies & “Sports in LA” | Sports business analyst | Investor in women’s sports properties. Baldini is a communications and business development advisor at the intersection of sports, technology, and venture capital.

This post is about the treatment of Black women in business. If you can’t handle it respectfully, don’t comment. Our collective goal for any discussion should be progress, not ego on who is right/wrong.  Nike is signing Caitlin Clark to an eight-figure deal and giving her a signature shoe – an obvious decision for the apparel behemoth. 

However, this means that the only active WNBA players with active signature shoes are: CC, Breanna Stewart, Elena Delle Donne, and Sabrina Ionescu. 

What do they have in common? They’re all white women playing in a dominantly Black league.

This is a new development. Previously, almost every WNBA player signature shoe from 1995-2011 belonged to a Black woman: Sheryl Swoopes, Rebecca Lobo (Cuban), Lisa Leslie, Dawn Staley, Cynthia Cooper, Nikki McCray, Chamique Holdsclaw, Diana Taurasi (Argentinian-Italian) and Candace Parker. 

Stardom drives shoe deal decisions, but shoe deals also drive stardom. Marketers and media have the ability to dictate culture and what’s popular. And right now, basketball companies are saying *only* white women are the face of the WNBA, when A’ja, Arike, Jewell, AT and Sky are right there. 

Some say “they’re just the best players right now and more marketable,” but come on. COME ON. Stop that. Anyone who is authentically working in women’s sports genuinely understands that representation matters, both ethically and economically. Anyone disagreeing with that is a false actor. This is a truth I have seen first-hand. 

The U.S. economy stands to add trillions annually if there were more women entrepreneurs (which would require VCs funding women at a greater clip than the current 2-13% rate). Meanwhile, underrepresentation of Black businesses is costing the economy additional billions in unrealized revenues. And so it as a member of both these groups, the Black woman, who faces hardship and unequal footing in America in society and in business, from private civilians to premier basketball players. 

A’ja Wilson is on the 2024 TIME100 List. And yet for all the progress in society regarding race, and the celebration that is made of A’ja now in media, when it comes to actual *business transactions* that require supporting Black women there is a statistical-based significant fall off that is supported by anecdotal evidence like this WNBA shoe example. 

Credit to shoe brands for their aforementioned work from 1995-2011. But how in the 12+ years since have we not had a Black woman in the WNBA with an active signature shoe line? It’s not enough for a player to just have a colorway. The signature shoe and the marketing push behind it comes with social implications.

I’m asking those with the power to create change to value Black Women.

The Stolen Wealth of Slavery: A Case for Reparations

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The United States has a long and complicated history with slavery and its aftermath. The issue of reparations for Black Americans has been debated for decades, and there is no easy answer.

What is reparations?

Reparations are a form of compensation paid to individuals or groups who have been harmed by past injustices. In the case of Black Americans, reparations could take many forms, such as financial payments, land grants, or educational opportunities.

The case for reparations

Advocates of reparations argue that Black Americans have been systemically discriminated against for centuries, and that reparations are a way to address the harm caused by this discrimination. They point to the fact that Black Americans still face racial disparities in areas such as wealth, income, education, and criminal justice.

The case against reparations

Opponents of reparations argue that it is unfair to make current generations pay for the sins of their ancestors. They also argue that reparations would be impractical and difficult to implement.

The debate over reparations

The debate over reparations is likely to continue for many years to come. There are strong arguments on both sides of the issue, and there is no easy answer.

Recent developments

In recent years, there has been a growing movement to support reparations for Black Americans. In 2020, the House of Representatives passed a bill that would create a commission to study the issue of reparations. The bill is currently pending in the Senate.

The Stolen Wealth of Slavery: A Case for Reparations by David Montero and Michael Eric Dyson, Ph.D.

Donate to support FAN’s vision of an informed and compassionate community: https://www.familyactionnetwork.net/support/

David Montero:
https://www.familyactionnetwork.net/speaker/david-montero/

Michael Eric Dyson, Ph.D.:
https://www.familyactionnetwork.net/speaker/michael-eric-dyson-ph-d/

Michael Eric Dyson, Tears We Cannot Stop: A Sermon to White America: https://youtu.be/B7PFZvrjRh8?si=IWSW_8UB4-YXGERu

“Slavery isn’t just a Southern story. The North benefited from stolen labor,” review of Montero’s book in the Christian Science Monitor, April 25, 2024: https://www.csmonitor.com/text_edition/Books/Book-Reviews/2024/0425/stolen-wealth-of-slavery-David-Montero-reparations

Jonathan Eig, 2024 Pulitzer Prize winner (Biography), for “King: A Life”: https://www.jonathaneig.com/
Book Club: Kickback – Exposing the Global Corporate Bribery Network – by David Montero, Thom Hartmann Program, Aug 31, 2018: https://youtu.be/tJsD8ozY4Hg?si=31aH6nuhIaHgiNAm

The New York Kidnapping Club: Wall Street, Slavery, and Resistance on the Eve of the Civil War, by Jonathan Daniel Wells:
https://www.jonathandanielwells.com/the-new-york-kidnapping-club

“How Wall Street Funded Slavery,” Montero’s Feb. 9, 2024 piece for TIME magazine:
https://time.com/6692434/6692434/

“Book on slavery’s wealth touches prominent Pittsburgh philanthropists,” 90.5 WESA: https://www.wesa.fm/identity-community/2024-04-02/prominent-pittsburgh-philanthropists-slavery-wealth-book

Cinco de Mayo: The History, People & Multicultural Celebrations

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Cinco de Mayo is a Mexican holiday that commemorates the anniversary of the Mexican army’s victory over the French army in the Battle of Puebla on 05-05-1862. The battle was a major turning point in the Franco-Mexican War, and the victory is celebrated as a symbol of Mexican resistance to foreign invasion.

The origins of Cinco de Mayo can be traced back to the 1840s, when Mexico was in a state of economic and political turmoil. In 1846, the United States declared war on Mexico, and the two countries fought a war that lasted until 1848. The war ended with the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, which ceded a large portion of Mexican territory to the United States.

In the years that followed the war, Mexico was plagued by political instability and economic problems. In 1861, the Mexican government defaulted on its foreign debt, and the French, British, and Spanish sent naval forces to Mexico to demand repayment.

The French, however, had ulterior motives, and they soon invaded Mexico, hoping to establish a puppet government.

 

E63MJX Mexican dancers, Cinco de Mayo Celebration, Old Mesilla, Las Cruces, New Mexico USA

The Mexican people were outraged by the French invasion, and they rallied to support the government of President Benito Juárez. The French army was much larger and better equipped than the Mexican army, but the Mexicans fought bravely and managed to defeat the French at the Battle of Puebla on 05-05-1862.

The victory at Puebla was a major boost to Mexican morale, and it helped to rally the country against the French invaders. The war continued for several more years, but the French were eventually defeated in 1867. Cinco de Mayo is now a national holiday in Mexico, and it is also celebrated in many parts of the United States. The holiday is a time for Mexicans to celebrate their heritage and to commemorate the victory at Puebla.

Why Americans Celebrate Cinco de Mayo

Cinco de Mayo is a holiday celebrated on May 5th to commemorate the Mexican army’s victory over the French army at the Battle of Puebla in 1862. Although the battle was a minor victory for Mexico, it became a symbol of Mexican resistance to foreign invasion and has since been celebrated as a day of Mexican pride and heritage in the United States.

There are several reasons why Americans celebrate Cinco de Mayo:

  • Mexican-American heritage: Cinco de Mayo is a significant holiday for Mexican-Americans, who make up a large and vibrant community in the United States. Many Mexican-Americans use Cinco de Mayo as an opportunity to celebrate their culture and heritage.
  • Cultural exchange: Cinco de Mayo is a time for people of all backgrounds to learn about and appreciate Mexican culture. Many cities and towns in the United States host Cinco de Mayo festivals and celebrations, which often include traditional Mexican food, music, and dance.
  • Commercialization: Cinco de Mayo has become a major commercial holiday in the United States, with businesses offering special promotions and discounts. This has helped to raise awareness of the holiday and make it more popular among Americans of all backgrounds.

While Cinco de Mayo is not a federal holiday in the United States, it is widely celebrated across the country. Many people use the day to enjoy Mexican food and drinks, listen to Mexican music, and learn more about Mexican culture.

Experts Urge Investigation Into NYT Story of Hamas’ Sexual Violence on Oct. 7

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More than 50 journalism professors are calling for an independent review of the debunked NYT story “Screams Without Words.” 

According to the independent investigative journalism publication, Consortium News, “The professors, many of whom worked as full-time journalists before turning to academia, wrote to Times publisher A.G. Sulzberger, executive editor Joe Kahn, and international editor Philip Pan, calling for a “thorough and independent review” into the article “Screams Without Words: Sexual Violence on Oct. 7.”

It is being reported that the letter is urging the newspaper to form a commission made up of journalism experts to examine the “reporting, editing, and publishing processes” for the story.

The National is also reporting that the “lengthy investigative story “‘Screams Without Words’: Sexual Violence on Oct 7”, which was published in December under the byline of international correspondent Jeffrey Gettleman and two freelancers, detailed how Hamas used sexual assault during the attacks.” The full report can be found HERE. 

Additional coverage by Democracy NOW: