Independence Day, celebrated every July 4th, is often synonymous with fireworks, parades, and barbecues. Yet, beneath the vibrant spectacle and joyous gatherings lies a profound historical and cultural significance that continues to shape the very fabric of American identity. For those with a keen interest in American culture, understanding the deeper implications of this federal holiday offers a richer appreciation for the nation’s journey and its enduring motto: E Pluribus Unum – out of many, one.
A Nation Forged in Ideals: The Birth of a Declaration
The genesis of Independence Day lies in the unanimous adoption of the Declaration of Independence by the Second Continental Congress on July 4, 1776. This pivotal document formally announced the thirteen colonies’ separation from Great Britain. While the Constitution later provided the legal framework for the United States, it is the Declaration, with its eloquent assertion that “all Men are created equal,” that remains equally beloved by the American people. This foundational ideal, while initially imperfectly applied, set a precedent for the nation’s aspirations and its ongoing pursuit of liberty and justice.
From Spontaneous Celebrations to National Observance
The first anniversary of American independence saw spontaneous celebrations, as detailed in John Adams’ letter to his daughter, Abigail. However, it wasn’t until after the War of 1812 that observing Independence Day became a widespread custom. Soon, significant national undertakings, such as the groundbreaking ceremonies for the Erie Canal and the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, were strategically timed to coincide with July 4th festivities. This early trend underscores how the holiday quickly became interwoven with national progress and unity.
The Evolving Meaning of Freedom: A Call for Consistency
The significance of Independence Day has always been a dynamic reflection of American society. In 1859, the Banneker Institute of Philadelphia urged African Americans to celebrate the day not just as a national holiday, but also as a powerful moment to highlight the glaring inconsistencies between the ideals espoused in the Declaration of Independence and the harsh reality of slavery. Mr. Jacob C. White Jr., chairman of the meeting, articulated a profound hope for a future where grievances would be redressed and “long lost rights” restored. This demonstrates how marginalized communities have historically used the holiday to push for a more inclusive vision of American freedom, embodying the “out of many, one” principle even in times of profound division.
The Grandest Secular Holiday: A Tapestry of Traditions
By the 1870s, the Fourth of July had cemented its place as the most important secular holiday on the American calendar, officially becoming a federal holiday on June 28, 1870. Its widespread appeal meant that even remote communities on the western frontier would gather for celebrations. As recalled by Miss Nettie Spencer in a Federal Writers’ Project interview from the 1930s, the Fourth was “the big event of the year,” bringing together people from all walks of life for floats, speeches, and lively festivities. These accounts paint a vivid picture of a day that transcended mere commemoration, becoming a vital communal experience that fostered a sense of shared identity and belonging. The “twisting the lion’s tail” speeches, the political effigies, and even the “plug uglies” — humorous floats poking fun at political subjects — reveal a lively tradition of democratic expression and a uniquely American blend of patriotism and playful critique.
Regional Flavors, Common Spirit
Across the nation, from the parades in Nome, Alaska, to the celebrations on St. Helena Island, South Carolina, the spirit of Independence Day remained consistent, even if the specific customs varied. Dr. Samuel B. Lathan’s recollections of South Carolina celebrations in the late 19th century—featuring military drills, barbecues, political speeches, and even “primitive prize fighting”—further illustrate the diverse yet unified ways Americans have observed the holiday.
Key Takeaways:
- Foundation of Ideals: Independence Day is rooted in the Declaration of Independence’s assertion of equality and self-governance, principles that continue to guide American aspirations.
- Evolution of Meaning: The holiday’s significance has evolved, serving as both a celebration of freedom and a platform for advocating for a more just and inclusive society.
- Unifying Force: Despite regional differences, Independence Day has historically brought communities together, fostering a shared sense of American identity and civic engagement.
- Reflection of Culture: From fiery speeches to festive parades, the celebrations reflect a unique blend of patriotism, democratic expression, and community spirit that defines American culture.
Staying the Course: Upholding the American Dream and Principles
Independence Day calls us to reflect not only on our past but also on our present and future. In a nation built on the ideal of E Pluribus Unum, the pursuit of the American dream and the commitment to the principles of liberty, justice, and equality remain paramount. As we navigate the complexities of contemporary society and political discourse, it is essential to remember the foundational aspirations that have shaped our nation. Independence Day serves as a powerful reminder of the ongoing journey towards a more perfect union, urging us to consider how we can collectively uphold the values that define American culture and society for generations to come.
The “long hot, summer” of 1965 was a year of violent uprisings across the United States due to strained race relations at the height of the civil rights movement. America was on fire. Black people were tired and took their frustrations to the streets during and following the arrest of a Black motorist in the Watts neighborhood of Los Angeles.
The Watts riot was not an isolated incident. 1964 and 1965 recorded similar events breaking out across the country prior to the Watts explosion. The History channel reports, “In 1964, there was a three-day riot in Rochester, NY, leaving four dead; in the New York City neighborhoods of Harlem and Bedford-Stuyvesant, a six-day riot involving as many as 4,000 people following the shooting of a young Black man; in Philadelphia, a three-day riot following the arrest of a Black couple who had gotten into a scuffle with police; and a three-day riot in Chicago when a Black woman attempting to shoplift alcohol was attacked by the store owner and crowds later gathered to protest.” 
The Watts riot was among the worst uprisings in the U.S. due to already strained race relations. 35 people lost their lives during the 6-day rebellion, and more than 1,000 people were injured. Property damage topped $200 million. Although tempting, we cannot forget that the violence ignited by the brutal murder of George Floyd has been par for the course of Black lives in America. History is cyclical. As long as those in power refuse to recognize and adequately address the contributions of Black people in the making of America, their continued brutalization and mistreatment despite their rightful credit for the glory, status and wealth of our nation, or budge to the will of the people and humanity, these violent events will continue. Author, iconic orator and civil rights activist James Baldwin once asked, “How much time does America need for its progress?” Today, the question remains unanswered. My question is: How much more time does America need to progress towards a new world order that honors humanity, paves the way for equality, and finally usher in true liberty for all her people?
